techniques used
techniques used in semi-objective questions include:
(1) transformation
(2) completion
(3) cloze test
(4) short — answer questions
4.19 transformation items
the transformation items are.extremely useful for testing the students ability to construct and produce sentences . a wide range
of grammatical areas can be covered in this test format for example
rewrite each of the the following sentences beginning each new sentence with the words given. make the necessary changes without changing the meaning.
1. where is the station car — park? mrs. smith asked. mrs. smith asked yx^ ^p^^^^t^ v w*4 -
i have not -
2.1 last saw him when i was a student
carefully constructed completion items arc a useful means of testing the students ability to produce correctly grammatical and meaningful sentence thus, a semantic task or structural one can be covered in this test. completion items are considered preferable to multiple-choice items. in certain test situations, since they measure production rather than are easier to construct than items with distractors, as follows:
write a word derived from the word between brackets :-
1 be when you cross the raod. (care)
2. his arrival was unexpected, (complete).
comp ete the following:
1. even if had stood on a chair -
2. he worked so hard that -
4.2} cloze tests
although cloze tests look similar to completion items they should not be confused with simple blank-filling tests a text is chosen first, then the tester deletings every nth word the blanks are of uniform length . the interval at which words are deletingd is usua11y betwcenfevenffifth and every tenth word,
the cl( st, which was origin
nded to measure reading
difficulty in the first language has recently been greatly used in foreign language testing. the principle is based on the gestalt
^ theory of the closure (closing gaps in patterns subconsciously). the close test measure the students decode interrupted.
message by making the most acceptable. substitution from all the con textual clues available the length of the text is generally one or two paragraphs with around twenty blanks^
there are two methods of scoring a cloze test. one mark may be a warded for each acceptable answer or one mark may be awarded for each exact answer. both methods are reliable. no student
should be penalized for mis-spelling unless a word is so badly spelt that it cannot be understood. in addition, no deletions should be • made in the first few sentences so that the testees have a chance to become familiar with the subject of the text.
various modified cloze tests have been proposed. in the standard cloze test every nth word is deletingd. in the modified type selected words are deletingd, for example function words.
the following is an example of a cloze test. ,
letter to the editor
dear sir,
every year a huge amount of money is wasted on cigarettes. and every year thousands of people die of lung cancer. at the same time governments try to discourage people from smoking by prohibiting smoking in public places like cinemas and theaters, and making no smoking compartments on all trains, buses and airplanes. if is
awful sitting next to someone blowing smoke all over you, if you dont smoke yourself.
personally, i believe that there is a simple solution to this problem. cigarettes should be banned and the manufacture and sale of cigarettes should be forbidden by law. the only people who would suffer from such a law would be the cigarette companies, but we all know that they contribute nothing to society.
yours sincerely„ r. d brown
fill each of the blanks in the passage with one word.
every year a huge amount of money is wasted on cigarettes. and every year thousands of people die of lung cancer. at the same time governments — to discourage people from -— by prohibiting
smoking in public.....like cinemas and theaters, and making no
smoking compartments on -— trains, buses and airplanes. it is -— sitting next to someone blowing -— all over you, if you -— smoke yourself. /
personally, i believe —- there is a simple solution this problem. cigarettes should be —- and the manufacture and sale cigarettes should be forbidden —- law. the only people who -— suffer from such a law — be the cigarette companies, but — all know that they contribute — to society. amultiple- choice cloze test.
complete the following article "by choosing the letter next to the word that best fits each space.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .